Sabtu, 05 Februari 2011

Kabupaten Dompu NTB

Sebelum aku bercerita panjang lebar tentang apa aja yang ada di Dompu, ada baiknya kalau kita berkenalan dulu dengan yang namanya Dompu. Karena ada pepatah yang mengatakan “Tak kenal maka tak sayang”.

Kabupaten Dompu, adalah sebuah kabupaten di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. Ibukotanya adalah Dompu. Kabupaten ini berada di bagian tengah Pulau Sumbawa. Wilayahnya seluas 2.321,55 km² dan jumlah penduduknya sekitar 200.000 jiwa. Kabupaten Dompu berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Sumbawa dan Teluk Saleh di barat, Kabupaten Bima di utara dan timur serta Samudera Hindia di selatan.



Dompu terkenal sebagai penghasil susu kuda liar dan madu. Selain itu Dompu juga dikenal sebagai daerah yang kaya akan keragaman genetik hewan penghasil daging misalnya kerbau rawa atau kerbau lumpur (sahe dalam bahasa Dompu) yang selama ini belum juga diketahui tingkat keragaman genetiknya dengan kerbau di daerah lain untuk menambah sumber informasi akan kekayaan plasma nutfah di Dompu akan segera dilakukan penelitian yang akan memberikan hasil nyata dari pertanyaan oleh pakar kerbau selama ini. Budaya masyarakat Dompu sangat dekat dengan Kabupaten Bima, Meskipun terdapat sedikit perbedaan dari logat dan bahasanya.

Tokoh yang berasal dari Dompu antara lain adalah Muhammad Feisal Tamin, Affan Gaffar, Burhanuddin Magenda dan beberapa lagi yang mempunyai tempat dalam pergulatan Nasional, bahkan internasional.

Administrasi pemerintahan
Pembagian kecamatan
Kabupaten Dompu dengan ibukota di Dompu terdiri dari 8 kecamatan, yaitu:

1. Dompu
2. Hu'u
3. Kempo
4. Kilo
5. Manggelewa
6. Pajo
7. Pekat
8. Woja
Serta terdiri dari 9 kelurahan, 44 desa definitif dan 4 desa persiapan.

Batas wilayah
Batas wilayah administrasi Kabupaten Dompu adalah sebagai berikut:
Utara : Laut Flores dan Kabupaten Bima
Selatan : Samudera Indonesia
Barat : Kabupaten Sumbawa
Timur : Kabupaten Bima


Geografis
Kabupaten Dompu merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat yang terletak dibagian tengah Pulau Sumbawa. Secara geografis Kabupaten Dompu terletak pada 8°6' sampai 9°5' lintang selatan dan 117°42' sampai dengan 118°30' bujur timur.
Keadaan geografis Kabupaten Dompu secara umum dapat digambarkan bahwa sebagian wilayah merupakan daerah yang bergelombang sampai berbukit dengan kemiringan tanah di atas 15% sebesar 49,97%, daerah datar 18,48% serta daerah landai sebesar 31,55% dari luas wilayah.
Kabupaten Dompu mempunyai luas wilayah 232.460 ha dengan jumlah penduduk sebanyak 193.334 jiwa atau 43.616 Kepala Keluarga. Dari luas tersebut 120.728 ha atau 51,93% merupakan kawasan budidaya (di luar kawasan hutan).

Kondisi fisik
Kondisi fisik wilayah Kabupaten Dompu dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:
Keadaan kemiringan tanah dan ketinggian
Kemiringan tanah (lereng)
Berdasarkan data yang telah diklarifikasi dapat diketahui bahwa:
• Lereng 0-2,5% (datar) seluas 42.950 ha atau 18,48%
• Lereng 2,5-15% (landai) seluas 73.349 ha atau 31,55%
• Lereng 15-40% (begelombang sampai dengan berbukit) seluas 87,911 ha atau 37,82%
• Lereng diatas 40% (terjal) seluas 28.250 ha atau 12,15% masing-masing dari luas wilayah

Ketinggian
Ketinggian tempat dari permukaan air laut merupakan faktor yang perlu diperhatikan didalam menilai fisik suatu wilayah/daerah terutama yang berhubungan dengan penyediaan sumber daya tanah.
Bersumber pada perhitungan peta ketinggian Kabupaten Dompu pada skala 1:100.000, diperoleh data ketinggian sebagai berikut:
• Ketinggian 0-100 m dpl seluas 7.705 ha (31,28%)
• Ketinggian 100-500 m dpl seluas 107.815 ha (46,38%)
• Ketinggian 500-1.000 m dpl seluas 34.150 ha (14,69%)
• Ketinggian diatas 1.000 m dpl seluas 17.790 ha (7,65%)
Dari data tersebut di atas terlihat bahwa wilayah Kabupaten Dompu terbesar berada pada ketinggian 100-500 m dpl, menyebar pada masing-masing kecamatan.

Iklim
Kabupaten Dompu termasuk daerah yang beriklim tropis dengan musim hujan rata-rata bulan Oktober sampai April setiap tahun, mempunyai tipe iklim D, E dan F (menurut Ferguson dan Smith).
Pada musim kemarau, suhu udara relatif rendah (20 °C - 30 °C) pada siang hari dan di bawah 20 °C pada malam hari.
Berdasarkan sumber data curah hujan dari Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kabupaten Dompu selama tahun 1984 sampai dengan 1992, dapat diketahui bahwa curah hujan rata-rata per tahun sebanyak 1.038,73 mm dengan jumlah hari hujan sebanyak 77 hari.

Tanah air
Air sebagai sumber penghidupan utama bagi mahluk hidup, cukup tersedia di Kabupaten Dompu. Persediaan air dimaksud cukup untuk kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari dan untuk kebutuhan pengairan bagi daerah pertanian.
Di Kabupaten Dompu terdapat 19 buah sungai besar dengan debit yang bervariasi. Pada musim hujan sering terjadi kebanjiran yang kadang-kadang merusak tanaman pertanian ataupun pemukiman penduduk.
Selanjutnya disamping 19 buah sungai besar tersebut masih ada beberapa buah sungai kecil serta mata air yang berair sepanjang tahun sebagai sumber penghidupan masyarakat.

Geologi
Berdasarkan peta Geologi Pulau Sumbawa keadaan geologi di Kabupaten Dompu adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Endapan permukaan, menyebar diseluruh wilayah kecamatan dengan luas areal 11.602 ha atau 5% dari luas wilayah. Endapan permukaan terdiri dari kerikil, pasir dan lempung.
2. Batuan gunung api, terdiri dari gunung api muda, hasil gunung api tua dan lebih tua. Tersebar di wilayah Kecamatan Pekat, Kecamatan Kempo dan Kecamatan Dompu bagian timur. Luas areal 113.557 ha atau 48,85% dari luas wilayah Kabupaten Dompu.
3. Batuan endapan, lempung tufan, tersebar di wilayah Kecamatan Pekat dengan luas areal penyebaran 1.562,5 ha.

Jenis tanah
Jenis tanah dijadikan sebagai dasar pemanfaatan tanah, terutama untuk menentukan jenis tanaman yang cocok sesuai dengan jenis tanahnya dan juga menentukan sifat fisik, yaitu kepekatan terdapat erosi sehingga sangat penting dalam menentukan fungsi lindung.
Berdasarkan peta Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat diperoleh data bahwa jenis tanah yang ada di Kabupaten Dompu antara lain kompleks litosal mediteran coklat, kompleks renzina dan litosal dengan luas areal 63.460 ha.

Sumber: Wikipedia

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